![]() ![]() This is combined with an additional front layer of disk-shaped nanoparticles, see Figure 1b. A schematic representation of n-PERT BiSoN cell with flat front side is illustrated in Figure 1a. This upgraded cell architecture is beyond the scope of the studies presented in this paper. The n-PERT BiSoN process at ISC has since been technologically upgraded further incorporating advanced passivating contacting (Topcon) layers on the rear-side. The experimental short circuit current J sc with a standard industrial antireflection coating, has been measured between 39.0– 39.2 mA/cm 2. The BiSoN solar cell process employs a low-cost industrial fabrication process developed on n-type mono-crystalline wafers with textured front side boron as an emitter and flat rear-side phosphorous diffusion as a back surface field. The experimental solar cell parameters considered in this study have been taken from an n-PERT BiSoN process developed at ISC Konstanz. In this article, we compare the relative photocurrent gain obtained with nanopillar layers made of metals, nitrides and dielectrics. Fabrication processes and studies to integrate these materials for PV applications are in place. In recent years, conductive transition metal nitrides have been proposed as alternative plasmonic materials, allowing for resonant field enhancement effects while at the same time being less absorptive over a broad range of the spectrum. However, metals struggle with high Ohmic losses that their supportive effects cannot sufficiently counteract and the directivity of the scattered light depends strongly on the control over the particle shape. This has, in particular, raised interest for plasmon-assisted enhancement of processes within the solar cell device, either via a direct increase in the charge carrier generation or indirectly through energy conversion effects such as photoluminescence with either quantum dots or embedded nanoparticles. ![]() Moreover, metal nanoparticles can yield high local fields close to the resonant oscillation of their free conduction band electrons, the plasmon excitation. Thus, research efforts have concentrated on additional nanostructured layers to further optimize the light trapping and management either as front layers, back reflectors or dispersed within the antireflection coating. Layers of nanosized particles and nanostructured surfaces such as one-dimensional gratings and two-dimensional particle layers enable efficient forward scattering of incident light, increasing the optical path length and thus the exposure of an underlying photo-active region to photons. Exploiting plasmonic effects for solar cells has not led to the substantial improvement of photovoltaic (PV) technologies that the scientific community developing regenerative energy devices once believed. ![]()
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